Engine oil is a key component in maintaining the efficiency and durability of your vehicle's engine. Whether you drive a car, van, motorcycle or heavy equipment, choosing the right oil is essential. In this article, we'll cover the basics of engine oils, their role, types and how to choose the right one for your engine.
Why is engine oil important?
Motor oil has several main functions that protect and maintain the engine:
- Lubrication: Reduces friction between moving parts, which prevents wear.
- Cooling: Removes excess heat, helping to maintain the optimum operating temperature.
- Cleaning: Removes dirt, deposits and metal particles built up in the engine.
- Corrosion Prevention: Oils contain additives that protect internal components from rust and corrosion.
- Sealing: Improves density between pistons and cylinders to increase efficiency.
Engine oil types
There are three main types of engine oil:
- Mineral oils
These are made from natural raw materials and are suitable for older engines or engines operating in lighter conditions.
- Semi-synthetic oils
A combination of mineral and synthetic components.
- They offer better protective properties and are suitable for modern medium duty engines.
- Synthetic oils
Manufactured using advanced technologies, these oils provide maximum protection and are suitable for high performance engines, motorcycles and harsh environments.
How to choose the right oil?
Choosing the right engine oil depends on:
- Manufacturer's recommendations: Always follow the manual for your car, van or motorcycle.
- Viscosity (SAE): Viscosity indicates how the oil reacts to different temperatures.
- For example, an oil with a "5W-30" index is suitable for cold and hot conditions.
- Specifications (API, ACEA): Check the quality standards that are appropriate for your engine.
- Driving conditions: For heavy-duty or sporty driving, choose a synthetic oil for maximum protection.
How often should we change the oil?
Change frequency depends on oil type and driving conditions:
- Mineral oil: Every 5,000 - 7,000 km.
- Semi-synthetic oil: Every 7,000 - 10,000 km.
- Synthetic oil: Every 10,000 - 15,000 km.
It is also important to check the oil level regularly to avoid possible engine damage.
Engine oils for different vehicles
- Cars: Typically use synthetic or semi-synthetic oils that provide fuel economy and excellent protection.
- Buses and heavy-duty vehicles: These engines often require specialized oils to better withstand high temperatures and pressures.
- Motorcycles: Motorcycle oils should provide protection for both the engine and transmission, while also handling higher RPMs and heat.